Sunday, December 29, 2019

The Problems behind Immigration Essay - 790 Words

Live is like a sea it has it’s calm times and it’s angry time you just have keep your boat stable until this waves pass away and continue on your way but some people use these waves as excuse to run away and escape from facing their troubles and problems. if you ask anyone what is your favorite place on this earth? And the place he or she feels comfortable the most? The answer will be home, so how would you feel if you had to leave your home for any reason there could be? Escaping your problem is not one of them. Immigration is a very delicate problem that almost every country faces these days, so how we can solve this problem? First we have to look at the reasons and try to solve them from the bottom and immigration is no good for†¦show more content†¦Another disadvantage of immigration is concerned with the social aspect and here I mean working parents who leave not only their countries but also their families which can cause major problems in the society bec ause children who are raised by only one parent are going have problems because they miss their fathers or mothers and there is no guarantee that they are going to see them in along time which is like they are orphans who can’t see their parents and miss them. Although some countries support family based immigration like the united states of America but in certain situations like in order to be admitted through the family preference system, a U.S. Citizen or LPR sponsor must petition for an individual relative (and establish the legitimacy of the relationship), meet minimum income requirements and sign an affidavit of support stating that they will be financially responsible for their family member(s) upon arrival to the United States. (American immigration council, November 4, 2010). As you see there is more harm than good for immigration. Some political reasons can be the problem of immigration for an example some countries don’t give out visas for certain nationalities because of political issues between them like war andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Illegal Immigration and the Environment1676 Words   |  7 PagesIllegal Immigration and the Environment One of the most controversial political issues of today is illegal immigration. Illegal immigration describes the long-term shift of populations across national borders without complying with the legal requirements. Many people are crossing the United States borders illegally to find better jobs, escape political persecution, and to help out families back home. Some Americans are against this movement of immigrants. One problem is because of the damagingRead MoreSummary Of Alien Nation : Common Sense About America s Immigration Disaster1317 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated bibliography Reflection paper Brimelow, Peter. Alien nation: common sense about America’s immigration disaster. (1995). This article talks about immigration and its consequences in America. In addition to this, the paper talks about the reasons behind the ballooning level of immigrants in amerce. Some of the reasons that the article outlines include; search for better employment in the US as they fear their nations which have low levels of employment, escape war from their nationsRead MoreHow Can We Deal with the Problem of Illegal Immigration Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pages How Can We Deal With The Problem Of Illegal Immigration? Being here as an illegal immigrant is a huge problem. Tax payer’s money pays for their medical bills, the jails, and deportation back to where they came from. Our jobs and identities are being taken away as well. Coming to the United States is seen as an advantage to get ahead in life for most other countries. When they take advantage of breaking the system it effects the citizens more so than it does them. There are several people who cameRead MoreEssay on Why should the U.S have border patrol?1611 Words   |  7 PagesBorder Patrol: Why should the U.S have border patrol? Illegal immigrants have always been a problem in the United States for some time now. â€Å"In October 2008, the illegal immigrant population stood at 11.9 million according to the Pew Hispanic Center† (Illegal Immigration Facts Statistics†). An efficient border patrol in our country would be a good step in the right direction to stop illegal immigration and the effect it has on our country. Illegal immigrants are at fault for such things as smugglingRead More Pro Immigration Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesPro Immigration   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We live in the age where scandalous and controversial topics cover the news headlines. Such subject matters as homosexuality, A.I.D.S, and abortion are fiercely debated upon. Sides are always taken, with the conservatives battling the liberals. One such argument that has always been debated upon since the founding of this nation has been immigration. The fact that it has been argued over for so long makes it seem ironic. A country founded by immigrants perpetuallyRead MoreArizona’s Immigration Law Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesIt is clear that illegal immigration has gotten out of control and constringent measures need to be taken to protect the United States borders. The local Government of Arizona recently decided to take control of the situation, by passing the â€Å"Support our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act† {House Bill 2162}. This bill gives law enforcement officers and agencies the authority, to lawfully stop, detain and arrest anyone who appears to look like an illegal alien. The bill out-right condonesRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is A Hot Topic Debate864 Words   |  4 PagesIllegal immigration is a hot topic debate in today society as many people have their viewpoints on it. Immigration could be the second most talked about maybe first topic behind terrorism. Illegal immigration has been going on since foreigners were allowed in the US in the early 20th century. Even back ed then, there were mixed emotions as many Americans did not favor foreigners and there were many attempts to restrict what they were allowed to do. Immigrants come across the border every day. AccordingRead MoreEssay on Cause and Effect of Illegal Immigration 1344 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration still remains as one of the major problems on the U.S-Mexico border in our country. The effect of having illegal immigrants in our country puts the U.S in a dire situation. Many people are even starting to question the authority of the U.S. Customs and U.S. Border Patrol agents. Even though Homeland Security is always consistently hiring for U.S customs and border patrol agents to watch over the southern border to make sure no illegal immigrants sneak into the U.S. Many peopleRead MoreImmigration Act Of 1965 And The Immigration Reform Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagescountless citizens to be open when it comes to immigration, while keeping the country hospitable to its citizens fo r generations to come. However, this attitude to immigration is a fairly recent phenomenon in American history, especially in regards to immigrants coming in from non-Western European countries. With the introduction of the Immigration Act of 1965 and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) came about the changes to immigration policy that would forever change the face ofRead MoreEconomics And Immigration : The Economics Of U.s. Immigration Policy964 Words   |  4 PagesEconomics and Immigration Immigration is a topic on everyone s minds these days. With presidential candidates vying for votes in debates and political campaigns, immigration has been talked about quite a bit. But what is truly known about immigration? Since it is such a divisive issue, it is hard to know what is true and what isn’t. Unfortunately, the information most readily available to us comes in the form of opinionated articles and biased speeches by presidential candidates. Because the information

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Language As A System Of Communication - 1053 Words

Language is an important aspect in our day to day life because it enables us to communicate. The effective communication is made possible with the help of language. Language and communication are so closely related that they are almost the same. If we used a dictionary to find alternative words for language the top alternative is verbal communication , words , speech and talking . Consider the following definitions of language found in dictionaries and introductory textbooks: a. Language is a system of arbitrary, vocal symbols which permit all people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or interact (Finocchario 1964:8) b. Language is a system of communication by sound, operating through the organs of speech and hearing, among members of a given community, and using vocal symbols possessing arbitrary conventional meanings (Pei 1966:141) c. Language is any set or symbols of linguistic symbols as used in a more or less uniform fashion by a number of people who are thus enabled to communicate intelligibly with one another (Random House Dictionary of the English Language 1966:806). d. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication (Wardhaugh 1972:3). e. [Language is] any means, vocal or other, of expressing or communicating feeling or thought ... a system of conventionalized signs, especially words or gestures having fixed meanings. (Webster s New International Dictionary of theShow MoreRelatedLanguage As A Symbolic Communication System1952 Words   |  8 PagesLanguage is something that we need and use for everything in our lives. Language is, â€Å"a symbolic communication system that is learned instead of biologically inherited.† (O’Neil, 2006). Language is communication that is either written down or spoken in words or sentences. We need to have a good understanding of language to learn, work and for our normal lives. You need to know language to be able to communicate with other people. Language has structure and meaning, for example words and sentencesRead MoreSign Language Is A Complex System Of Communication2007 Words   |  9 PagesThere is not movement that does not speak both a language intelligib le without instructions (Mirzoeff 16). Sign Language is a complex system of communication; a language which uses visual gestures and signs made by one’s hands blended with the use of facial expressions, body positions, and other gestures. Sign Language has played a signiï ¬ cant role in deaf and hard of hearing culture and is the major communication alternative for those whom are deaf or hard of hearing with a beautiful history of originRead MoreAugmentative Communication Systems-Sign Languages, PECS500 Words   |  2 PagesSummary The topic for todays reading was Augmentative Communication Systems-Sign Languages, PECS. In the assigned reading and module, we observe that a characteristic of autism is difficulty developing and using verbal speech to communicate with others. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is used to help children with autism to develop a system for communicating with others across multiple environments. It is used most often with learners that are non-verbal, but can also be usedRead MoreThe National Deaf Education Project982 Words   |  4 PagesEducation Project). He has strong beliefs regarding the Deaf community and culture and the Deaf’s rights and liberties as Americans. Specifically, he believes that communication and language is a right for human beings and should become a necessity for learning. He established the NDEP to become the model and articulate a plan for communication in the educational setting for deaf and hard of hearing students in the United Sta tes (National Deaf Education Project). The board of the NDEP consists of representativesRead MoreThe Human Language And Modern Language1179 Words   |  5 Pagesbarrier that limit many animals. But, the honey bee’s form of communication does not allow them to â€Å"speak† of the past or think abstractly, so it is a rather limited useage of displacement. There has not been any animal that can use displacement to the degree in which is used in human language. Traditional transmission: The human language has a very complex structure, one that comprises of systems such as grammar, syntax, and phonemes. Language acquisition in its simplest terms is the process by whichRead MoreThe Role Of Communicative Intent For Communication Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pagespeople who struggle with communication every day. A person who cannot effectively communicate is limited in his/her ability to make decisions, to socially interact with others, to express basic wants and needs, and can be isolated from the world in many ways. There is a multiplicity of methods for communication, both verbal and nonverbal. Different types of communication include, but are not limited to, gestures, body language, sign language, picture exchange communication systems (PECS), and augmentative-alternativeRead MoreThe Origin of Language in Human Evolution Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage is a complex system evolved from animal cognition system not from animal communication, suggesting that onl y humans with complex brain system were capable of developing (Ulbaek, 1998). Whereas other animal species communicate through vocalised sounds, songs, or gestures specially primates such as apes. Similarly gestures and hand gestures were the form of communication used by early hominids, but Homo habilis and Homo erectus started to use vocalisations and decreasing the frequent use ofRead MoreLanguage And The Human Language1235 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage in its base form can be seen as the use of sounds (and at times signs or symbols) with the desire to communicate or express oneself. We can dig deeper however and language is also defined as the use of a socially shared code that represents whole concepts by using symbols as well as combinations of those symbols or in layman’s terms, grammar. Today, scientists argue as to whether or not animals truly have language. In my opinion animals do not have language but rather they have a communicationRead MoreLanguage, Exemplar, A nd Goodness Of Fit1579 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage, Exemplar, and Goodness of Fit Although it is clear that human language is a very different communication system than those of other species. The jury is still out on the issue of whether language is a really a system different from other human cognitive systems. The status of language is a major issue for cognitive psychology. Human Language The ability to separate the essential aspects of human language from the properties of a particular language can shed light on how language is developedRead MoreDo Animals Have Language?1403 Words   |  6 Pageswe can say animals have language? Are animals capable of language? It is in the opinion of the author that animals do not have the capability of language; this essay will focus and put forward the evidence as to why this opinion takes place. Language is a form of communication; it can be visual, audio or sensory. In humans the vocal language provides only 10 per cent of how we communicate, body language plays a much higher role, however, both verbal and non verbal language in humans is intentional

Friday, December 13, 2019

Birthday Party Essay Free Essays

Last February, I experienced something new: a party with my friends. My birthday parties were usually just family and maybe one friend, but this time I got to invite several friends. Lupe arrived first. We will write a custom essay sample on Birthday Party Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now She and I have been growing apart for a while, so it was awkward with just her there. I talked to her for a few minutes, then the others got there. When everyone had just arrived, we hung out in the hallway at first because it was a little awkward. My mom had hired a girl to do our nails, so when she arrived we all went into the living room where she got started on our nails. At that point, everyone started having fun. I hadn’t seen, Lara or Duu’aa in a while; I got to catch up with them then, which I very much enjoyed. Lara is often stressed out. That night, however, she was in a very good mood so we had fun just talking. I hadn’t seen Duu’aa in over a year, so I was very excited that she was coming. I was happy to see her and Lara and just talk them. The conversations themselves weren’t anything special; it was just seeing two friends I’d missed that made me so happy. Ashley had drunk too much coffee earlier that day, so she was very hyper. This made the party more fun, because she kept laughing at everything, which made me laugh. That was the most fun I had in as long as I can remember. Nothing could bother me that night. I don’t have much of a social life; despite this being my sixteenth birthday party, it was the first time I’d had lots of friends over and it put me in the best mood I remember ever being in. This experience reminds me of what God said in Genesis: â€Å"It is not good for man to be alone.† To me this says that I need to become closer to my friends, because I long for deeper friendships. This party is a wonderful memory to me. I thought I held on to it because I felt so happy that night, but looking back now, I realize that it’s more than that. I held on to this memory because it was a time that I had a taste of something I want so badly- lots of close friends. Grandma says that because I never went to school, I never learned how to make friends. I think she’s right about that. However, while I never gained social skills that other kids have gained from going to school, I gained something much more precious- a solid foundation in my Catholic faith. Being raised in a strong Catholic Christian environment, I was sheltered from many bad influences. I do wonder what would have happened if I had gone to public school, but I am grateful to my parents that I wasn’t. It would probably have been much easier for Mom to put my siblings and I in school and let others take care of us during the   day, but she didn’t do that. She loved us enough to sacrifice the time that many other mothers have to themselves during the school day and to sacrifice in many other ways also. She continues to do so everyday. How to cite Birthday Party Essay, Essays

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Decision Technologies Agribusiness Problems †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Decision Technologies for Agribusiness Problems. Answer: Introduction Good harvest is a small health food shop in Sunshine coast which sales organic food and has been in operation for a year now and it moving to the second year in business (Harvest, n.d.). They deliver weekly organic produce directly from their farms and other local farms directly the customers doorstep using their home delivery service model. Good harvest farm produce ranges from Ayurvedic, bakery, dairy, drinks, fruit, grocery, harvest kitchen etc. up to water. Their main mission is to connect local community or local people with local farmers, supplying chemical free and safe produce at an affordable price, support farmers who invest in ecologically responsible farming and finally provide education on seasonal, nutrition consumption and sustainability. However, there are problems affecting this agribusiness industry as stated by (Lowe, 2004) that the supply of food in agribusiness is characterized by a number of uncertainties in both supply and demand chain and it required better te chnological tools and management in decision making in the sector. Good harvest is facing challenges of high cost of goods to be sold to the customers, revenue which might be lower depending on the sales and finally average sales. Good harvest might also face problems of people in the community wanting to buy produce which are not local and also the problem of supply and demand where the local farmers arent able to meet demand with their supply. Problem definition and business intelligence Two datasets were provided which had data for sales from Good Harvest Company on all their sales for their first year in business. Our data variables for the first dataset were product class, product name, product category, quantity, weight, total sales, COGS, net profit, location in the shop and total profit. For the second data set our variables were day, month, season, GST inclusive, GST exclusive, gross sales, net sales, total cash, credit total, MasterCard total, visa total, house account, total orders, average sales, staff cost, weekday, rainfall and profit total. We had four research questions as listed below What are the top/worst selling products in terms of sales? Is there a difference in payment methods? Are the differences in sales performance based on where the product is located in the shop? How does this effect both profits and revenue? Is there a difference in sales and gross profit between different months of the year? Are their differences in sales performance between different seasons? How does this relate to rainfall and profit? A number of statistical methodologies were applied to answer the above research question which ranged from test of association (chi-square test of association), test of difference of means (t test methods) (Rouder, 2009) descriptive statistics using custom tables. For the first research question (1) SPSS custom tables was used to produce the results where products were placed in the row field and sum of sales on the column field the reason for using this method is to produce results which are tabulated for easy comparison among the produce. The second part of the question (1.a) which was used to test if there was a difference is payment method, a one way ANOVA was applied to test the significance since one way ANOVA tests whether the mean value of all payment methods was equal. On the second research question, we tested the association between sales and location of the product in the shop using chi-square test of association the reason is that chi-square help us to find out whether t here is an association between the variables (Goodman, 1971). On the second part of the question custom tables were used to show the distribution of sales and profit against location in the shop the reason is for provision of good visualization to help in comparison. On the third question one way ANOVA was used for comparison of means of profit and sales within months. Finally, on the last question, one way ANOVA was used to test the whether the mean sales within seasons were different and on the second part of the question custom tables was used to show the distribution. Visualization and descriptive statistics Descriptive statistics are simple statistics which describe variables, this include mean, range, variance etc. (Daniel, 1995). Table 1: Distribution of produce by good harvest (top 5 by count). Product Class Frequency Percent Snacks Chocolates 110 10.6% Personal Products 96 9.3% Dry Goods 84 8.1% Vegetable 76 7.4% Dairy 66 6.4% Table 2: Distribution of produce by good harvest (bottom 5 by count). Product Class Frequency Percent Market 2 0.2% Snacks 2 0.2% Juicing 1 0.1% Pastas 1 0.1% Salad Greens 1 0.1% The figure below is a pie chart sowing distribution of good harvest products. Table 3 below shows descriptive statistics for the payment method used by Good harvest with both mean, minimum and maximum. Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Cash_Total 366 0 1195 404.29 153.643 Credit_Total 366 0 1407 584.80 228.860 Visa_Total 366 0 1407 555.85 244.870 Mastercard_Total 366 0 399 22.09 67.823 House_Account 366 -264 1113 37.39 113.204 Valid N (listwise) 366 Table 4 below shows descriptive statistics of total profit with mean total profit, minimum and maximum. N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Total Profit 1034 .00 8702.93 164.7338 482.10651 Valid N (listwise) 1034 Results and Analysis In this section, we present the results of our analysis where from our first research question we identified vegetables as the most selling product with sales of $66,233 while juicing was the worst selling product with sales of $5 only. The other products which includes bakery, grocery etc, their sales falls in between the sales of vegetables and juicing. From this results we can establish that vegetables are the mainly bought product from good harvest compared to the rest of the products with juicing being the worst selling product among them. Table 5 below shows a snippet of our results from the analysis. Table 5: Distribution of sales among products Total Sales ($) Sum Product Class Ayurvedic 679 Bakery 19038 Chocolates Slices 185 Coconut Water 5656 After performing ANOVA test for comparing the cash total, visa total, MasterCard total, credit total and house account total, our p-value was found to be 0.00 (p0.05) hence we reject the null hypothesis which states that there is no difference between the payment method and conclude that there was a difference between the mean of payment method. On the second question where we were testing whether there was a significant difference between sales performance and location of the product in the shop we obtained a p value of 0.00 (p0.05). Table 5 below shows the results after performing a chi-square test of association. Table 6: Results of chi-square test of association between sales and location Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 3627.238a 3340 .000 Likelihood Ratio 2464.848 3340 1.000 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.302 1 .254 N of Valid Cases 1034 From this results we reject our null hypothesis which stated that sales and location of the product in the shop are independent. Hence, we conclude that sales performance are largely affected by where the product is located in the shop. A comparison between profit and location of the products in the shop showed that items in the front part of the shop are likely to generate more profit compared to the items placed on the other parts of the shop. In our results products on the front would generate 39,073.98 as total profit while items placed in the outside front generating the least profit of 34,192.37. Table 6 below shows the distribution of profit against location of products in the shop. Table 7: Distribution of location of products in the shop against total profit Total Profit Sum Location of product in shop Front 39073.98 Left 37430.42 Outside Front 21715.52 Rear 37922.48 Right 34192.37 A comparison between sales and location of the products in the shop showed that items in the rear part of the shop are likely to generate more sales compared to the items placed on the other parts of the shop. In our results products on the rear would generate 96,493 as total sales while items placed in the outside front generating the least sales of 40,612. Table 6 below shows the distribution of sales against location of products in the shop. Table 8: Distribution of location of products in the shop against total sales Total Sales ($) Sum Location of product in shop Front 88777 Left 82052 Outside Front 40612 Rear 96493 Right 74607 On testing whether there was a difference in sales and profit between different months of the year, we obtained p value of 0.222 (p0.05) on gross sales. Hence, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no difference in sales between months. On profit our p value is 0.000 (p0.05) meaning that we reject our null hypothesis and conclude that profit there is a significant difference in profit between months of the year. Table 8 below show the results of our analysis. Table 9: Results of ANOVA analysis of sales and profit between months ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Gross Sales Between Groups 1508892.5 11 137172.043 1.300 .222 Within Groups 37349615.5 354 105507.388 Total 38858507.9 365 Profit Total Between Groups 35370.9 11 3215.541 3.867 .000 Within Groups 294370.0 354 831.554 Total 329741.0 365 Finally, testing sales performance between seasons gave a p value of 0.153 (p0.05) meaning that we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no significant difference between performance of sales and seasons. Table 10: ANOVA on performance of sales and between seasons ANOVA Gross Sales Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 560240.410 3 186746.803 1.765 .153 Within Groups 38298267.52 362 105796.319 Total 38858507.9 365 On season and profit, Spring was found to be the most profitable season and Autumn the least profitable season as shown below. Table 11: Distribution of profits between seasons Profit Total Sum Season of the year Summer 2859.02 Autumn 1815.35 Winter 2542.19 Spring 4023.21 On season and rainfall, Winter received the highest rainfall in comparison to the other seasons. Table 12: Distribution of rainfall between seasons Rainfall Sum Season of the year Summer 414 Autumn 379 Winter 441 Spring 218 Discussion and recommendations From our analysis, we have established that vegetables are the most selling product and juicing is the least sold product and in regards to this Good harvest should concentrate in stocking more of vegetables and least of juicing in their shops. On payment methods, we established that there is no significance difference among the payment method and therefore the company can use any payment method with its customers. The location of products in the shop is very important and therefore Good harvest should position its products such that products with low demand should be placed in a strategic place to boost sales and revenue. We established from our analysis that there is no significant difference in sales between months and season and this means that the company can always make sales regardless of the month or the season of the year. References Anova, S., 2002. Statistical computing: an introduction to data analysis using S-Plus. Daniel, W., 1995. Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences.. Goodman, L., 1971. Partitioning of chi-square, analysis of marginal contingency tables, and estimation of expected frequencies in multidimensional contingency tables. Journal of the American statistical Association, pp. 66(334), pp.339-344. Harvest, G., n.d. good harvest organic. [Online] Available at: goodharvest.com.au Lowe, T., 2004. Decision technologies for agribusiness problems: A brief review of selected literature and a call for research. Manufacturing Service Operations Management, 6(3), pp.201-208.6(3). s.l.:s.n. Rouder, J., 2009. Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

ATHENS Essays - Ancient Agora Of Athens, Athens, Free Essays

ATHENS Essays - Ancient Agora Of Athens, Athens, Free Essays ATHENS THE ANCIENT CITY OF ATHENS is a photographic archive of the archaeological and architectural remains of ancient Athens (Greece). It is intended primarily as a resource for students of classical languages, civilization, art, archaeology, and history at Indiana University who may wish to take a "virtual tour" of the chief excavated regions and extant monuments. We also hope that this site will be useful to all who have an interest in archaeological exploration and the recovery, interpretation, and preservation of the past. ?Copyright All of the images presented here are from the personal slide collection of Kevin T. Glowacki and Nancy L. Klein. You are free to download and use unmodified copies of these images for non-commercial purposes providing that you include a reference to this site and copyright notice. If you use any of these images for presentations or papers, or have any comments or suggestions, we would appreciate hearing from you by email or post. (We especially enjoy email from students & teachers in grade school & high school!) Indiana University Bloomington Home Page. IU Classical Studies Home Page. Archaeological Institute of America, Central Indiana Society Home Page. The WWWorld of Archaeology. (From ARCHAEOLOGY Magazine). Exploring Ancient World Cultures. ("An exhibition of WWW sites pertaining to ancient world cultures," by Anthony F. Beavers of the University of Evansville and Bill Hemminger.) Topography & Monuments of Ancient Athens When archaeologists use the term "topography" in their work, they usually mean a combination of several different subjects, including 1) the geography & natural resources of a country, 2) the architectural form of a city as it develops over several centuries or even millenia, and 3) the study of different functional areas within a city or its countryside, such as sanctuaries, civic centers, marketplaces, workshops, private houses, & cemeteries. A student of "topography" must be prepared to dabble in subjects such as architecture, art, literature, history, epigraphy, numismatics, religion, politics, physical anthropology, and geology, as well as having an understanding of the methodologies of archaeological excavation and regional survey. Hence, "topography" can be a truly interdisplinary adventure, full of all the things that make classical archaeology such an exciting field to study. One of the most important sources for the topography of Athens (in particular) and Greek archaeology (in general) is an eye-witness account written by the traveler Pausanias in the 2nd century A.D. Pausanias spent several years traveling throughout Greece and he recorded many fascinating details about the famous cities, temples, and monuments which were already considered ancient even in his own day! Athens was one of the first places he visited on his journey and his description of the city provides us with some invaluable clues about the location, form, decoration, function, and historical significance of many prominent monuments. (It provides us with some problems too, since the evidence from modern archaeological excavation does not always readily agree with what Pausanias records. Is it a matter of physical preservation? Or a problem with our methods of archaeological interpretation? Or could it be that sometimes Pausanias and/or his tour guides got a few of the "facts" mixed up a phenomenon all too familiar to any modern traveler who has tried to absorb all of the sights & sounds & history of one of the great cities of the world!). Of the many possible ways in which THE ANCIENT CITY OF ATHENS could have been organized, we have chosen to present the monuments in essentially the same order as they were visited by Pausanias. For each section, we have also provided a "link" to an English translation of Pausanias from the PERSEUS Project (a great website where you can learn much more about ancient Greek culture, literature, history, and art!). Although not everything mentioned by Pausanias has been preserved, and despite the fact that Pausanias tended to omit monuments of the Roman period (which were, after all, "modern" as far as he was concerned), we think that this is a natural and effective way to structure our "virtual tour" of the city. KALO TAXIDI! The Kerameikos: Kerameikos Cemetery, Public & Private Grave Monuments, "Themistoklean" Wall, Sacred Gate, Dipylon Gate, Pompeion. The Agora: Commercial & Civic Center of Ancient Athens: Royal Stoa, Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios, Temple of Apollo Patroos, Metroon, Bouleuterion, Tholos, Monument of the Eponymous Heroes, Hephaisteion, Altar of the 12 Gods, Stoa of Attalos, Church of the Holy Apostles. The Roman Agora, Tower of the Winds, & the Library of Hadrian: Gate of Athena Archegetis, Colonnade, Fountain, Propylon,

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Gray Wolf Facts

Gray Wolf Facts The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is the largest member of the Canidae (dog) family, with a range extending through Alaska and parts of Michigan, Wisconsin, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, and Wyoming. Gray wolves share their ancestry with domestic dogs, coyotes, and wild dogs such as dingoes. Scientists consider the gray wolf to be the species from which most other wolf subspecies evolved. The gray wolf is classified as part of the kingdom Animalia, order Carnivora, family Canidae,  and the subfamily Caninae. Fast Facts: Gray Wolves Scientific Name: Canis lupusCommon Name(s): Gray wolf, timber wolf, wolfBasic Animal Group:  Mammal  Ã‚  Size: 36 to 63 inches; tail: 13 to 20 inchesWeight: 40–175 poundsLifespan: 8–13 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat:  Alaska, northern Michigan, northern Wisconsin, western Montana, northern Idaho, northeast Oregon, and the  Yellowstone  area of WyomingPopulation:  17,000 in the United StatesConservation  Status:  Least Concern Description Gray wolves look very much like large German shepherd dogs, with pointed ears and long, bushy, black-tipped tails. Wolf coat colors vary from white to gray to brown to black; most have a mix of colors with tan facial markings and undersides. Northern wolves are often larger than southern wolves, and males are usually larger than females. Jim Cumming/Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Gray wolves were once found in large numbers throughout the Northern Hemisphere- in Europe, Asia, and North America. At one time or another, gray wolves have ranged across nearly every type of environment found north of the equator from deserts to tundra, but they were hunted to near extinction wherever they were found. In the ecosystems they inhabit, wolves are a keystone species: They have a large influence on their environment despite their low abundance. Gray wolves exert control on their prey species, changing the numbers and behavior of large herbivores like deer (which is now overabundant in many places), thus ultimately affecting even the vegetation. Because of that important role, wolves hold a central place in  rewilding projects. The gray wolf is an extremely adaptable species and is one of those animal species that survived the last ice age. The gray wolfs physical characteristics enabled it to adapt quickly to the harsh conditions of the ice age, and its cunning and adaptation helped it survive in the changing environment. Diet Gray wolves typically prey on large ungulates (mammals with hooves) such as deer, elk, moose, and caribou. Gray wolves also eat smaller mammals such as hares and beavers as well as fish, birds, lizards, snakes, and fruit. Wolves are also scavengers and will eat the flesh of animals killed by other predators, by motor vehicles, and so on. When wolves find ample food or hunt successfully, they eat their fill. A single wolf may consume as much as 20 pounds of meat in a single feeding. Behavior Gray wolves are social animals. They usually live and hunt in packs of six to 10 members and often range over long distances- up to 12 miles or more- in a single day. Typically, several members of a wolf pack will hunt together, cooperating to pursue and bring down large prey. Wolf packs follow a strict hierarchy with a dominant male and female at the top. The Alpha male and female are usually the only two wolves in the pack that breed. All of the adult wolves in the pack help to care for the pups by bringing them food, instructing them, and keeping them from harm. Gray wolves have a complex system of communication that includes a wide range of barks, whines, growls, and howls. Their iconic and legendary howl is one way that gray wolves communicate with each other. A lone wolf may howl to attract the attention of his pack while wolves in the same pack may howl together to establish their territory and declare it to other wolf packs. Howling may also be confrontational or may simply be an answering call to the howls of other wolves nearby. Andyworks/Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Most wolves mate for life, breeding once a year between January and March (or earlier in the south). The gestation period is about 63 days; wolves usually give birth to between four and six pups. Wolf mothers give birth in a den (typically a burrow or cave), where they can oversee the welfare of tiny pups which are born blind and weigh only about one pound. She will move the pups several times during the first few months of their lives. To feed their young, wolves regurgitate their food until the pups are old enough to manage meat on their own. Young wolves stay with their natal pack until they are about three years old. At that point, they make the decision to either stay with their pack or strike out on their own. Enn Li  Photography/Getty Images   Conservation Status Gray wolves have a conservation status of Least Concern, meaning that there is a large and stable population. Wolves were successfully reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park and parts of Idaho in 1995. They have been naturally recolonizing parts of their former range, moving into Washington and Oregon. In 2011, a lone male wolf made it to California. There is now a resident pack there. In the Great Lakes region, gray wolves are now thriving in Minnesota, Michigan, and now Wisconsin. One of the challenges of expanding gray wolf populations is that people continue to fear wolves, many farmers and ranchers consider gray wolves a menace to livestock, and hunters want the government to declare open season on gray wolves to stop them preying on game animals such as deer, moose, and elk. By the mid-1930s, most gray wolves in the United States had been killed. Today, the gray wolfs North American range has been reduced to Canada and parts of Alaska, Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Mexican wolves, a gray wolf subspecies, are found in New Mexico and Arizona. Gray Wolves and Humans Wolves and human beings have a long adversarial history. Although wolves rarely attack humans, both wolves and humans are predators at the top of the food chain. As a result, they are often in conflict as habitats decline and wolves become more likely to attack livestock. Negative feelings toward wolves have been nurtured over the centuries through popular culture. Fairy tales such as Little Red Riding Hood represent wolves as vicious predators; these negative representations make it very difficult to present wolves as a species to be protected. Despite negative interactions, wolves are also seen as symbols of strength and icons of the wilderness. This may be one reason why there is an increased interest in keeping wolves or wolf/dog hybrids as pets- a practice which is rarely successful for the animal or its owner. Sources Booker, Emily. â€Å"Ten Interesting Facts about Gray Wolves.†Ã‚  WWF, World Wildlife Fund, 21 July 2011, www.worldwildlife.org/blogs/good-nature-travel/posts/ten-interesting-facts-about-gray-wolves.â€Å"Gray Wolf.†Ã‚  National Wildlife Federation, www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Mammals/Gray-Wolf.Sartore, Joel. â€Å"Wolf | National Geographic.†Ã‚  Wolf | National Geographic, 7 Mar. 2019, www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/g/gray-wolf/.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Women Labor supply in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Women Labor supply in China - Research Paper Example Additionally, it was punishable by job loss, and also lack of access to public goods further to that local leaders have been supported by the central Government to implement the resources (Chen and Jianxian 15).   This paper discusses the impact of an extra child to female participation in the workforce and the one-child policy effects in China. The difference between the rural and urban in the implementation of the policies is that the optimal scales differ in both setups. In rular areas, Budget constraints are higher as compared to urban centers. The same case applies in China.Hypothesis and Research Model In class we learnt on the budget constraint and utility curve model. In the graph, X-axis have the leisure and Y-axis has the income. In the original situation, before the policy was passed, the graph was linear. However, the establishment of the policy led to a shift of the optimal choice. Women participation in the workforce will provide a possibility of an increment of their wages. Ultimately, an increase in the wages will result in more leisure time and hence the shift of the curve. When income increases budget constraints will also be reduced, consequently from the graph, the optimal choice will be higher than the original value. For example, if the budget of a family made up of twins was ten dollars in a day, if the woman is actively involved in the workforce the budget will increase since preferences will also increase. This is because of the budget constraint.